Catégorie : Nature

Birazwi ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cy’imisozi miremire kugeza n’ubwo bakita Igihugu cy’Imisozi Igihumbi(1000) kubera ko kigizwe n’imisozi myinshi. Nyamara, ibi birukururira ibyago byo kuba igihugu kibasirwa n’inkangu, isuri ikabije, ndetse n’imyuzure aho bidasigana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere kugeza ubwo bitwara ibikorwaremezo n’ubuzima bw’abagituye.

Muri rusange, ubutaka bw’u Rwanda bugizwe n’umusenyi, ibumba ndetse n’amakoro. Bityo duhereye ku gice cy’akarere ubutaka buherereyemo bubasha gutanga umusaruro hakurikijwe igihingwa cyera muri ako karere. Ibyo bikajyana n’imiterere karemano y’ubwo butaka ari na yo ituma bwahura n’ibyago byo gutwarwa n’isuri bitewe n’imikoreshereze yabwo.

Ubwiyongere bw’abaturage buratungwa agatoki

Na none kandi, u Rwanda ruri muri bimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika bikennye cyane ndetse bikagira ubwiyongere bw’Abaturage buri ku kigero cyo hejuru, aho buri kuri 3.7% buri mwaka.

Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 20 ndetse no mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 21, u Rwanda rwagize impinduka igaragara mu miturire aho byagize ingaruka ku biza kamere biturutse ku mikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu buryo bw’akajagari, bityo bigira ingaruka mu gutwara ubuzima bw’abaturarwanda cyane cyane mu bice by’amajyaruguru, uburengerazuba n’amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba, ugana ku ishyamba rya Nyungwe ndetse n’imisozi ya Ndiza ugana mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda.

Umuzi wa byose hari abakeka ko ari buriya bw’iyongere bw’abaturage butuma n’abantu batura mu kajagari maze n’ibyo biza bikaboneraho. Byaba ari byo se?

Hakozwe byinshi mu gukumira ibiza kamere

Mu Rwanda, hashyizweho poliki y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ndetse n’imiturire aho buri Karere(District) kateguye igishushanyo-mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ukurikije ubugomba guturwa n’ubugomba guhingwa.

Mu itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka mu ngingo yaryo ya 33 ivuga Imitungire y’ubutaka bw’ibishanga, ivuga ko ubutaka bwo mu bishanga ari ubwa Leta.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntibushobora kwegurirwa burundu abantu ku giti cyabo, kandi nta we ushobora kwitwaza ko abumaranye igihe kirekire ngo abwegukane. Icyakora, ubutaka bw’ibishanga bushobora gutizwa umuntu hashingiwe ku masezerano yumvikanyweho hagati ya Minisiteri n’utizwa.

Ukurikije iby’iri tegeko, usanga abaturage bari batunze ubu butaka nka gakondo yabo, ntacyo bakora ngo baburinde isuri kubera ko nta cyangombwa cyabwo bafite kandi n’igihe cyose baba biteguye ko babwakwa.Ku rundi ruhande, ugasanga n’inzego zishinzwe kubukurikrana ntacyo zikora ngo batangire ayo mazi.

Nko mu bishanga biri mu mabanga y’imisozi, ujya kubona ukabona bimwe ubutaka bumaze kegenda hafi nka 1/3 mu turere twinshi tw’igihugu, ibindi byararengewe n’ubutaka buturuka muri iyo misozi kubera isuri.

Mu ngingo ya 44 y’iri tegeko ku nshingano zo kurinda, kubungabunga no gukoresha ubutaka, ufite uburenganzira ku butaka afite inshingano zo kuburinda, kububungabunga no kubukoresha hakurikijwe icyo bwagenewe.
Impungenge ni uko abenshi mu bakoresha ubutaka batazi inshingano bafite mu mikoreshereze yabwo bityo ukaba wakwibaza aho ikibazo kiri niba ari kubakoresha ubutaka cyangwa kubashyiraho amategeko ntibayasobanurire abo bireba?

Icyerekezo kirambye ku ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka

Abaturage b’u Rwanda baragenda barushaho kwiyongera, nyamara ubutaka bwo butiyongera, ahubwo bukarushaho kugunduka no gutwarwa n’isuri. Ibi birerekana ko gahunda z’ibanze mu kuvugurura ubuhinzi zigomba gutanga umuti urambye w’icungwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka, hagamijwe kuwubyaza umusaruro mwinshi.

Ni muri urwo rwego Leta yashyizeho gahunda yo guhuza ubutaka (Land consolidation), guhinga ibihingwa mu Turere tuberanye na byo, hagamijwe kongera umusaruro ku butaka buto dufite . Ibi kandi ntibyashoboka hatabayeho uburyo bufatika bwo gufata neza ubutaka no kongera ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro (amafumbire mvaruganda, imbuto nziza z’indobanure…).

Twibuke ko ubutaka bugizwe n’ibice bine by’ingenzi: igitaka cy’urubumba, umusenyi, ishwagara n’imborera. Iteka ibi byose biba bivangiye mu butaka bumwe, ariko ku buryo busumbana.
Ibumba ryonyine rireruruka, ariko akenshi ugasanga ririmo umutuku cyangwa umuhondo. Amazi ntashobora kuryinjiramo ninayo mpamvu riyabika cyane. Ibumba ryonyine rirarushya guhinga.

Umusenyi uva mu mabuye akomeye cyane amanyagurikamo uduce duto cyane cyangwa agahindukamo nk’umukungugu. Mu musenyi amazi yinjiramo kandi agasohokamo ku buryo bworoshye. Ibi bituma ubutaka bw’umusenyi butabika ubuhehere maze bugashyuha mu gihe cy’izuba.

Ishwagara ni ibisigazwa by’udusimba twabayeho cyera cyane. Ishwagara nayo amazi ayinjiramo vuba, igihe cy’izuba iba umukungugu ariko mu mvura ikamatira cyane. Ishwagara ivanze n’ibumba ndetse n’imborera itanga ubutaka bwiza burumbuka.
Imborera ituruka ku bisigazwa by’inyamaswa n’ibimera byaboreye ahantu. Imborera ikungahaye ku byangombwa bitunga ibimera. Ubutaka bworoshye bunyurwamo n’amazi vuba (umusenyi) irabufatanya bukegerana. Ubutaka bufatanye cyane bw’intamenwa (ibumba ryumye) ibuha koroha bugahumeka.

Kumenya imiterere y’isuri n’uburyo bwo kuyirinda

Isuri ni uburyo bwose butsimbura ubutaka bugatuma buva aho bwagombaga gukoresherezwa bukajya ahandi hatateganyijwe.
N’ubwo hari n’isuri ituruka ku muyaga, ariko izwi cyane ni iterwa n’amazi y’imvura ikaba ari na yo iri buvugweho mu mirongo igiye gukurikira.

ISURI Y’IMVURA ITANGIRA RYARI?

Muri make, isuri y’imvura itangira igihe igitonyanga kikubise ku butaka kikabutandukanya. Mbese twavuga ko isuri ari nk’indwara: itangira yerekana utumenyetso, nyuma ikagenda yiyongera.

Uburyo bwo kurwanya isuri

Ihame rimwe ryo kurwanya isuri ni ugufasha amazi kwinjira mu butaka ukayarinda gutemba hejuru y’ubutaka. Nta muhinzi umwe ushobora kurwanya isuri ngo abishobore. Isuri irwanyirizwa hamwe n’abatuye ku musozi.

Uburyo bwo kurwanya isuri ni bwinshi kandi buratandukanye bitewe n’ubutaka, ubuhaname, icyo ubutaka bukoreshwa, aho buri, n’ibindi. Reka turebe bumwe mu buryo bwa kwifashishwa mu kurwanya isuri.

1. Uburyo gakondo bwarindaga isuri mu Rwanda (Kuraza ihinga)

Mu Rwanda rwo hambere ubutaka bwararazwaga byibuze ibihembwe by’ihinga nka bitatu bityo bukazongera guhingwa bwarisubiye. Ibi byakorwa kugira ngo ibyatsi n’amababi bizaborere mu butaka ndetse n’ibinyabuzima by’igasozi bikomeze kongera intungabihingwa n’ifumbire mu butaka. Ariko bitewe n’ubwiyongera bw’abaturage, ubutaka buhingwa bugenda bugabanuka kubera imiturire, n’ubusigaye na bwo bukibasirwa  n’isuri. Turasabwa gushyira ijwi hejuru ngo tuburinde.

2. Gutera ibyatsi bifata ubutaka

Ubu ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu buhinzi aho batera ibyatsi bifite imizi miremire bigafata ubutaka bushobora kugenda bitewe ni isuri aha twavuga nka tiribusakumu, sitariya, mukuna, urubingo,…

3. Guhinga ku mirongo

Ubu ni uburyo bwo gufata ubutaka aho bahinga ku mirongo, bityo ibihingwa bigafatafata amzi y’imvura bikagabanya isuri aho ubutaka bufatwa n’imyaka iteye k’umurongo,…

4. Gusasira ibihingwa

Ubu buryo bwo gusasira imyaka bukorwa bafata ibyatsi byumye, bigashyirwa hasi kugira ngo bitwikire ubutaka bityo imvura uko igwa igacengera mu butaka, maze isuri ikagabanuka kuko iyo imvura isanga ubutaka butambaye ubusa.

5. Kwirinda kuragira ku gasozi

Kuragira kugasozi amatungo menshi bituma ibyatsi bishiraho bityo imvura yagwa igatwara ubutaka kuko ntakiba kibutangira. Ibi bigira ingaruka ikomeye kuko imisozi yambaye ubusa usanga yatwawe n’inkangu. Kororera mu biraro rero bigabanya isuri iterwa no kuragira ku gasozi;

6. Gutera ibiti

Gutera ibiti harimo ibivangwa n’imyaka ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ndetse no kurwanya isuri kuko bifata imisozi bityo imvura iguye ntigire ubukana k’ubutaka kuko ifatwa mu mashami n’ibibabi ikagera hasi itagifite ubukana ahubwo amazi y’imvura agacengera mu butaka. Ni ngombwa rero kongera gutera amashyamba aho yarari hakurikijwe ubuhaname bw’umusozi, ndetse no gutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka ahagenewe ubuhinzi.

7. Imirwanyasuri

Ubu ni uburyo bwakoreshwaga kuva kera aho bacukura ibyobo bifata amazi y’imvura ku mirongo bakurikije imiterere y’umusozi. Kuri iyi mirwanyasuri kandi hanaterwaho ibyatsi bifata ubutaka bityo bikorohereza amazi y’imvura kwinjira mu butaka.

8. Imiyoboro ikamura amazi

Ubu ni uburyo bukoreshwa aho baca imiyoboro ku misozi ndetse no mubishanga bityo amazi akaboneza inzira imwe ajya ahabugenewe mu bidendezi n’ahandi bikarinda isuri.

Mu bishanga, ubutaka ntibugende turebera

Mu mpinduramatwara yo mu buhinzi bwo mu Rwanda hashyizweho abashinzwe ubuhinzi mu nzego zose z’igihugu aho kuva ku Karere, mu Mirenge, mu Kagali ndetse no ku rwego rw’Umudugudu tuhababona abajyanama b’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, hakiyongeraho n’abagoronome b’abamakoperataive akomeye yo mu buhinzi n’ubworozi hamwe na hamwe.

Ariko biratangaje kubona ubutaka bwo ku nkombe z’imigenzi bugenda ku buryo hasigara hari nk’ikibuga cy’umupira, ahantu hari akagezi gato kambukwa uteye intambwe imwe!! Bituma wibaza ibyo za nzego zikora twavuze haruguru cya neko hari n’abashinzwe ibidukikije muri izo nzego zose

Biteye agahinda iyo usanze ari hafi y’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere cyangwa se bw’Umurenge. Uretse ko unakurikije uko uru rwego rw’ubutaka n’ibidukikije rwubakitse, ntihakabaye hari ibyangirika biri no ku rwego rworoheje bidasaba ingengo y’imali ihanitse

Yego birashoboka ko covid-19 yatumye bisubira inyuma bitewe n’ingamba zo kwirinda iki cyorezo aho ibikorwa rusange byahagaze nk’imiganda nibindi, ariko dukwiriye gutabara amazi atararenga inkombe

Ubutaka butwarwa n’isuri ni bwinshi

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2016, bwagaragaje ko ubutaka bungana na toni 250 kuri hegitari butwarwa n’isuri, bityo ubungana na toni miliyoni 595 mu gihugu cyose bukagenda buri mwaka. Ibyo bikagira ingaruka kukugabanuka k’umusaruro w’ibiva mu buhinzi bitewe n’uko intugabihingwa z’ubutaka ziba zatwawe n’isuri.

Leta nitabare turugarijwe . Ubutaka buraducika turebera kandi hari icyakorwa ngo tububungabunge. Ariko se ko n’u bwo mu bishanga bugenda kandi ababurinda bahari, ntibabibona?

By Eustache