Bwaki n’ubukene ku meza y’iminsi mikuru

Birababaje kandi biratangaje kubona ahantu hafi ya hose barebera Afurika mu ndorerwamo ya bwaki n’ubukene. Mu bihugu byinshi, uhasanga abana n’abantu bakuru banitse amagufwa, amaguru yarabyimbye, amatama yaratukuye n’imisatsi yaracuramye.

Mu bihe by’iminsi mikuru isoza umwaka, abasabiriza(n’ubwo ntaho bataba)ku mihanda no mu masoko baba bangana igitero. Hari n’ababigize umwuga, utabahaye bakamuvumira ku gahera. Kwirengagiza ko biriho ukagaragaza gusa abana n’abantu b’uruhanga rukenkemuye, ni ugutwika inzu ugahisha imyotsi.

Aho ikibazo kiri

Henshi bakunze kuvuga ngo kurwaza bwaki ni ikibazo cy’imyumvire. Ariko hari n’abadashaka kumva impamvu y’icyo kibazo. Kandi koko biragoye kumva ko urugo rw’abantu batanu cyangwa barenze, n’ubwo rukeneye inyama, rwafata isake igurwa 6000frw rukayibaga aho kuyigurisha ngo ruguremo ibishyimbo, ibijumba, imboga n’akunyu.

Biragoye kumva ko umuntu ufite inkoko itera amagi 6 mu cyumweru yahitamo guteka ayo magi aho kuyagurisha ngo aguremo ibyahaza abo mu rugo. Ikibazo ni ukumenya niba guhaga ari ukuzuza inda cyangwa gufata indyo yuzuye.

Kuri iyi ngingo, bwaki si ikibazo cy’ubukene ni ikibazo cy’indyo ituzuye. Hari n’abifite barwaza bwaki kubera akazi cyangwa Manyinya. Ugasanga abana babo barerwa n’abayaya bahembwa intica ntikize maze na bo iby’abana bakabyitikurira. Nuko bwaki igatongora.

Gusa rero hari n’ingo zicira isazi mu jisho, rwakingwa ntirukinguke. Aha ni ho bwaki ishobora kuba ikibazo cy’ubukene. Inzira zo kubuvamo ntizisobanuka neza. Abazi gukina abandi ku mubyimba bakumva izo nzira ari umuharuro. Hari n’aho no kwigondera NYAKATSI biba bitoroshye. Kandi burya ngo « Inzu ni icyo uyiririyemo. »

Umuharuro w’imibare

Abemeza ko inzira zo kuva mu bukene ari umuharuro bagendera ku mibare y’abavuye mu bukene ariko sinzi niba bababazwa n’abakiburimo.Reka tugendere ku mibare turebe niba uwo muharuro uhuza u Rwanda n’ibihugu birukikije ari umuhanda nyabagendwa.

Nk’uko Banki y’Isi(Banque mondiale,2014) ibyerekana,mu Burundi,abantu 66,9% bari munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene kandi buri muturage abarirwa ko yinjiza 270$US;mu Rwanda ni 44,9% aho buri muturage yinjiza 700$;muri Uganda ni 19,5% kandi umuturage yinjiza 670$;muri Tanzaniya ni 28,2% nyamara umuturage akinjiza 920$;muri Kenya ni 45,9% mu gihe umuturage yinjiza 1290$. Kuki inzira z’uyu muhanda zitangana?

Abantu si imibare

Ikintu gisumba ibindi muri ibi byose ni uko abantu atari imibare. Ariko iyi mibare igaragaza ikibazo gikomeye. Umuntu utinjiza amafaranga 1500 ku munsi afatika(2$/jour)abereyeho kubara iminsi(survie), ariko ntiyayiteganyiriza. Kuvana uwo mubare mu bukene bikwiye gushakirwa uburyo buramba kandi bwubashye umugenerwabikorwa.

Ubwo buryo bwatuma bariya bantu bafashwa nk’umuryango (allocations familiales)bityo uwo muryango ukagira ubushobozi bwo kwigurira icyo ukeneye(pouvoir d’achat), nta kugenerwa ku mashyi, no kugira uruhare mu iterambere(capacité de consommation).

Igikomeza ibintu  ni uko bamwe bazitwaza ya mvugo yateye ngo « Mubyare abo mushoboye kurera ». Nyamara iriya mibare yerekana abantu bariho, si abazavuka. Ni nko kuvuga ngo nibashaka bapfe. Ibyo aribyo byose bagomba kubaho kandi neza. Byagerwaho gute?

Ubukire nibusaranganywe

Biragaragara ko abo bakene bo muri ibi bihugu byacu batakwicara ku meza amwe. Umukene wo muri Kenya yatunga Abanyarwanda 2 cyangwa Abarundi 5. Nko mu Rwanda, 55% ni bo bishoboye ku buryo bafasha bariya 45% basa n’abasigaye ku nzira cg bayiguyeho. Abafite uburyo bagize umubare ushobora kugenza nk’Umusamaritani mwiza(Luc 10,33-36)). Si umuco ukwiriye abazungu gusa.

Nk’uko n’abandi baherwe bishimira gushora imari yabo mu bihugu bikennye(batabitewe no gukunda abakene), abo bakire nibegereze ibiceri ababikeneye. N’abashaka gukora ibikorwa by’urukundo (charity), muri urwo rwego rwo kurwanya ubukene, Leta iborohereze imisoro nk’uko Amerika ibigenzereza ba Bill Gates…

Nanone kandi tuzi neza ko « Umwera uturutse ibukuru bucya wakwiriye hose ». Ibi bizihuta umunsi Intumwa za Rubanda zizatangaza ngo « Twiyemeje gusangira na rubanda rukennye mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu:1/2 cy’umushahara wacu turakibahariye ».

Muri iyi minsi mikuru, ni nde utashimishwa no kumva mu ijambo ryo kwifuriza Abanyarwanda umwaka mushya muhire, Perezida atangaza ko we n’abaminisitiri(buri wese ku rugero ahisemo)biyemeje kugabanya umushahara wabo kugira ngo na mwarimu yongere agasenda atereka ku meza?

Bigenze gutyo, abakene na bene Bwaki bakegerana ibyishimo ameza y’iminsi mikuru, n’imvura y’umugisha ikamanukira kuri abo bagiraneza. Nguko uko mu gihugu cyose, ba Nsekambabaye bazaba bake.

By P.Protogène BUTERA